Force Field Analysis

What It Is

Force Filed Analysis was developed by Kurt Lewin.  It is a useful tool to highlight forces that are helping or hindering change or a desired outcome.

Lewin saw organizations and situations as systems where some forces were trying to change the status quo, and some forces were trying to maintain it.

It can be used by individuals, teams, or organizations to identify those forces, and focus attention on ways of reducing the restraining or hindering forces and encouraging the positive or driving forces.

Change is more effective when retraining forces are less than the driving forces.

When To Use It

By focusing on what works for and against the current situation (or the desired state), users of this tool can  study existing problems, or anticipate and plan more effectively for implementing change. It is especially useful in addressing subjective issues in change and problem situations. The tool enhances consensus building by enabling issues to get on the table, and objections and issues to be discussed and addressed.

How to Use It

Follow these steps when conducting a Force Field Analysis:

• State current situation, problem, or desired state.

• List all the forces driving change and restraining change (from the current state, or to the desired state)

• Explore each force -- are they valid, what is behind them, and can they be changed?

• Determine the strength of each force using an evaluative scale (e.g. High-Medium-Low or 1-10 with 1 being extremely weak)

• A graphical presentation of the forces and their relative strength is useful in visualizing the dynamics of the situation and what change is viable.

• Develop action plans to reduce restraining forces and increasing driving forces. 

Cautionary Notes

• Neglecting to include a significant force can negatively impact the proposed course of action.

• Taking action to increase driving forces can create new or strengthen existing restraining forces.

• Attention and efforts to reduce restraining forces may result in reduced output or performance in the short-term.

Association CEOs, managers and volunteer leaders frequently facilitate sessions or meetings involving staff, volunteers, members and third parties.  The intent of the Facilitation Role is to expose readers to various facilitation tools, how they work, and when they should be used. 

 

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